Quick Notes

Short, focused notes on grammar, vocabulary, and kanji — organized by JLPT level.

• N1Grammar Pattern

  ～ざるを得ない — Have no choice but

  Forced to do.

• N1Grammar Pattern

  ～に足る — Worthy of

  Deserving.

• N1Grammar Pattern

  ～ながらも — Although

  Concession (formal).

• N1Grammar Pattern

  ～こそ — Precisely / Indeed

  Emphasizes the word.

• N1Grammar Pattern

  ～ところを — At a time when

  Polite imposition in a situation.

• N1Grammar Pattern

  ～つつ／つつある — While / Is in the process

  Simultaneous or gradual change.

• N1Grammar Pattern

  ～や否や — As soon as

  Immediately after.

• N1Grammar Pattern

  ～を余儀なくされる — Forced to

  Compelled by circumstances.